North Yemen and South Yemen unite as the Republic of Yemen. Ali Abdullah Saleh becomes president, but disputes over power sharing and military integration persist.

War breaks out between northern and southern forces. Saleh’s forces defeat the southern secession attempt, preserving unity while leaving lasting southern grievances.

Fighting begins between government forces and the Houthi movement in Saada. Repeated rounds of conflict follow, expanding the movement’s military and political role.

Demonstrators demand political reform and Saleh’s departure. Violent repression, elite defections, and armed clashes turn the uprising into a national political crisis.

A Gulf Cooperation Council initiative establishes a transition under Vice President Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi. Saleh agrees to relinquish the presidency.

Hadi takes office after an election in which he is the sole candidate. His transitional mandate includes restructuring state institutions and preparing a new political settlement.

Political parties and representatives of different communities begin negotiations over Yemen’s future, including constitutional reform, southern grievances, and the structure of the state.

The dialogue concludes, and a six-region federal proposal follows. Disagreement over boundaries, resources, and political representation undermines the transition.

Houthi forces seize the capital, supported by forces aligned with former president Saleh. The takeover weakens Hadi’s government and accelerates the transition’s collapse.

Hadi leaves Sana’a for Aden as Houthi and allied forces advance south. Competing claims to authority develop into a wider civil war.

A Saudi-led coalition launches military operations in support of Hadi’s internationally recognized government. The intervention internationalizes the war.

The Southern Transitional Council emerges as a major southern political actor seeking self-rule or independence. Rivalries within the anti-Houthi camp become more pronounced.

Saleh’s alliance with the Houthis collapses into fighting in Sana’a. Houthi forces kill him, consolidating their control of the capital.

Coalition-backed forces advance toward Hodeidah. Fighting around the port raises fears over food imports and humanitarian access.

UN-mediated talks produce arrangements for a Hodeidah ceasefire and redeployment, prisoner exchanges, and an understanding on Taiz. Implementation remains contested.

Forces aligned with the Southern Transitional Council take Aden from government forces, exposing divisions between groups fighting the Houthis.

The government and Southern Transitional Council sign a Saudi-brokered agreement intended to share power and reorganize military and security forces.

Houthi forces intensify their offensive toward Marib, an important government stronghold and a refuge for many displaced people.

A nationwide truce reduces fighting and provides for fuel shipments through Hodeidah, commercial flights from Sana’a, and discussions on opening roads.

Hadi transfers his powers to an eight-member Presidential Leadership Council led by Rashad al-Alimi. The council brings together several anti-Houthi factions.

The twice-extended truce expires without another renewal. Reduced hostilities largely persist for a period, but a comprehensive peace agreement remains elusive.

Negotiations with Houthi officials seek to build on the reduction in fighting and address steps toward a broader political settlement.

The Houthis attack commercial shipping and launch attacks toward Israel, linking their campaign to the Gaza war. Shipping disruption draws international military responses.

The UN envoy announces commitments concerning a nationwide ceasefire, public-sector salaries, and preparations for an inclusive political process. These are not a final peace deal.

US and UK forces launch strikes in response to attacks on shipping. The Red Sea confrontation complicates efforts to advance Yemen’s peace process.

The United States intensifies strikes against Houthi targets amid the confrontation over shipping and regional attacks. Yemen remains exposed to overlapping conflicts.

Oman announces an agreement for the United States and the authorities in Sana’a to stop attacking one another, including US vessels. It does not settle Yemen’s civil war.

Reporting describes a Houthi declaration of a naval blockade against Saudi Arabia, followed by renewed attacks on Saudi targets and shipping.

Fighting intensifies after the relative reduction in hostilities that followed the 2022 truce. Renewed battles raise fears of a wider military escalation.

Military sources report government advances near the strategic strait as coastal fighting intensifies. Territorial claims remain subject to competing accounts.

Reports describe renewed Houthi attacks on Saudi infrastructure and airports alongside coalition operations. The situation remains fluid as of this timeline’s update.